Great tits living in cities are genetically different from great tits in the countryside. This is what researchers have found in a unique study, where they examined populations of great tits in nine large European cities. The researchers compared the city bird genes with the genes of their relatives in the countryside. It did not matter if the great tits lived in Milan, Malmö or Madrid: in order to handle an environment created by humans, the birds evolved in a similar way.

Minerals are widely assumed to protect organic matter (OM) from degradation in the environment, promoting the persistence of carbon in soil and sediments. In this Review, we describe the mechanisms and processes operating at the mineral–organic interface as they relate to OM transformation dynamics.

Corentin DOURMAP is PhD student at iEES Paris. Last March 19th he participated in the final contest of Alliance Sorbonne Université of the Ma Thèse en 180 secondes contest. He has been able to describe simply his PhD project which consist in studying the seed development. He used a metaphor to be understood by general public: the building of a shelving unit. Watch the video of his performance.